Abstract： Objective To investigate the incidence of peptic ulcer (PU) in seafarers in recent 10 years.Methods Nine hundred and sixty-nine cases of gastroscopy data obtained through outpatient,inpatient and physical examinations from June 1998 to June 2008 were investigated and results were compared with those of the counterparts working on the land at the same seaport (the control group).Results In the seafarer group,416 cases of PU were screened,of which 203 were cases of duodenal ulcer (DU),197 were cases of gastric ulcer (GU) and 16 were cases of complex ulcer (CU).On the other hand,in the control group,179 eases of PU were screened,of which 90 were cases of DU,70 were cases of GU and 19 were cases of CU.For both groups,differences could be seen in the age of onset,site of ulcer and the state of helicobaeter pylori (HP).Incidence of peptic ulcer for the seafarer group was obviously higher than that of the control group.The age of initial onset for the seafarers was markedly smaller than that of the control ( P < 0.05).Conclusions Due to many influential factors,incidence of peptic ulcer was obviously higher among seafarers.Protective measures should be taken,so as to decrease its incidence.