Abstract： Objective To study the expression of CD36 mRNA in granulosa cells (GCs) of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the impact of testosterone,insulin and PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone on GCs.Methods The expression of CD36 mRNA inGCs of patients with PCOS and normal controls were assayed byreal-time PCR.The level of CD36 mRNA after treatment with testosterone,insulin,and rosiglitazone in GCs ofnormal controls were also tested by real-time PCR.Results (1) The expression of CD36mRNA in the GCs of PCOS was significantly higher than that of the controls (P ＜ 0.05).(2) When testosterone concentration was 1 nmol/L,CD36 mRNA increased in the GCs,but there was no significantdifference compared to the blank control,(P ＞ 0.05).When testosterone concentration was l0 nmol/L,the expression of CD36 mRNA in the GCs was higher than that in the blank control with significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).When insulin concentration was 10 nmol/L,the expression of CD36 mRNA increased but the difference was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).When insulin concentration was 100 nmol/L,the expression of CD36mRNA in the GCswas higher than that in the blank control (P =0.05).When rosiglitazone concentration was I nmol/L,the expression of PPARγ mRNA in GCs were significantly increased compared with the blank control (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of CD36 mRNA atrosiglitazone concentrationof 10 nmol/Lwere significantly increased compared to the concentration of 1 nmol/L (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion High testosterone and insulin induced the expression of CD36 mRNA.Rosiglitazone increased CD36 mRNA in a dose-related manner in GCs.Increased CD36 mRNA in the GCs of PCOS may be related to the clinical characteristics of PCOS.