Abstract： Objective To analyze the long-term compliance of oral anticoagulant therapy and the demands of disease management in patient with atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods Inpatients with AF taking warfairn were collected from Department of Internal Medicine from January 1 to December 31,2008.Inpatients from departments of surgery, ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology, dermatology and pediatrics and those on a previous warfarin therapy were excluded. The data of patient profiles, medical history and anticoagulant treatment were collected from electronic medical record. And the status of anticoagulant treatment one year later and demands of disease management were inquired by telephone. Results A total of 268 AF patients received a telephone survey. Among them, 145 patients (54. 1% ) continued taking warfarin. Gender, age, type of AF, duration of AF and history of ischemic stroke was not significantly associated with the compliance of anticoagulant treatment. The odds ratio was 1.74 ( 95% CI: 0. 67 -4.47), 0. 87 (95% CI: 0. 30 - 2. 53 ), 1.59 ( 95% CI: 0. 35 - 1.09 ), 1.09 ( 95% CI: 0. 61 - 1. 93 ) and 0. 44(95% CI: 0. 12 - 1.60 )respectively. Among patients on warfarin, INR was monitored monthly in 88 patients (60. 7% ) and 70 patients (48. 3% ) had an INR value of 2.0 -3.0. Among 123 withdrawal patients, 88 patients (71.5%) terminated treatment within 6 month. The common reasons included patient ignorance about long-term anticoagulant treatment ( 35.0% ) and switching to aspirin because of a poor effect (24. 4% ). About 80% of patients wished to obtain instructions about INR monitoring and adjustment of drug dosage. Among them, 196/268 patients (73.1%) wished for a regular follow-up. And 176/196 patients (89. 8% ) opted for a telephone follow-up and 150/176 patients (85.2%) wanted to receive monthly instructions. Conclusion The compliance of anticoagulation treatment and the target-meeting proportion of INR value are relative low. And the common reasons of withdrawal are patient ignorance about long-term anticoagulant treatment and switching to aspirin because of a poor effect. Disease management will meet most of AF patients' demands.