Abstract： Objective To evaluate the prediction of MELD system and Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) grades for survival rate of early stage after liver transplantation in chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and to explore the therapeutic window of liver transplantation for CHB. Methods The clinical data of 31 patients who had been subjected to transplantation from December 2004 to September 2006 were retrospectively analyzed. We compared the outcome in the 6 month after liver transplantation according to the pretransplantation MELD score, △MELD of one month pretransplantation and CTP grades. Results Patients were stratified according to pretransplantation MELD score less than 25 and higher. Posttransplantation 6-month survival rate was 85.7% and 50% in each group, significantly lower in the groups with a higher △MELD score (P<0.05). If patients were stratified according to △MELD less than 5 and higher, the survival rate was significantly lower in the groups with a higher △MELD score (P<0.01). While patients were stratified according to the subgroups of CTP-CTP-A, CTP-B, CTP-C, the difference in the survival rate was not significant. The area under curve (AUC) for MELD, △MELD and CTP as a predictor of 6-month mortality after transplantation was 0.740, 0.842 and 0.656, respectively. There were longer operation time, longer intensive care unit hospitalization time, and more quantity of blood transfusion during operation in group with MELD≥ 25 (P<0.05). The incidence of septicemia and intra-abdominal infection were also higher in group with MELD≥25. There were longer operation time, and more quantity of blood transfusion during operation in group with △MELD≥5 (P<0.05). The incidence of septicemia, acute renal failure and intra-abdominal infection was also significantly higher in group with △MELD≥5 (P<0.05). Multiple factor analysis suggested AMELD was the only significant factor. Conclusion Pretransplantation MELD score correlates with survival in the 6 month after liver transplantation in CHB, while CTP score less correlates. The initial level of hepatopathy as well as the development of the disease correlates with survival after transplantation. Patients with pretransplantation MELD score higher than 25 or ≥MELD higher than 5 get poor prognosis after liver transplantation.