Abstract： Objective To study the relationship between apoptosis and rejection,expression of BCL-2 and UCHL1.Methods The pathologic specimens of failed renal grafts from operation in 10 patients served as experimental group,and the corresponding biospy tissue before transplantation as control group.The expression of BCL-2 and UCHL1 in renal allografts was detected by using immunohistochemical staining technique in 6 cases of acute rejection,3 cases of chronic rejection,and 1 case of cytomegalovirus infection.And the morphological changes were observed in the tissue sections.Results In control group.the expression of BCL-2 in more than 50% tubules was positive,but significantly decreased in the experimental group(P<0.01),especially in acute rejection.T-lymphocytes expressing UCHL1 were significantly increased in renal allografts as compared with those in pretransplant specimens(P<0.01).Under an electron microscope,apoptosis were demonstrated.Conclusion The measurements of apoptosis,and the expression of BCL-2 and UCHL1 might play important role in the monitoring of renal allografts.