Abstract： Objective To explore the features of the disease spectrum and causes of diseases in local residents of the 7 African countries through analysis of the outpatient clinical data,so as to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases,the professional organization and arrangement of medical resources in future African medical missions.Methods The number of out-patients in each department of the hospital ship during " Mission Harmony-2017" was recorded,and the percentage and causes of the disease spectrum were analyzed.Results Ranking first in the percentage of special diseases was ophthalmology (13.92％),which was followed by stomatology (5.65％) and ENT(4.60％).Coming first in the percentage of surgical diseases was the disorder associated with general surgery (10.87％),which was followed by orthopaedics (8.94％).Mostly commonly-seen diseases in internal medicine were digest diseases (6.49％) and cardiovascular disorders (5.4％).The percentage of medical care in traditional Chinese medicine increased significantly (9.16％) as compared with that of previous years.Conclusion Significant features of the disease spectrum could be clearly seen in African population.In the selection and organization of medical resources in medical aid to African countries,special emphasis should be paid to ophthalmology,general surgery,orthopaedics,traditional Chinese medicine,gastrology,cardiovascular medicine and stomatology.