Abstract： Objective:To investigate the expression and clinical significance of serum S100B protein, neuron specific enolase(NSE), neuropeptide Y and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BD-NF)in children with status epilepticus disease.Methods:A total of 36 children with epilepsy, including 19 males and 17 females, were admitted to the department of Internal Intensive Care Unit in Henan Children′s Hospital from January 2016 to October 2020 as the epilepsy group, aged(5.76±2.37)years old, ranging from 3 to 12 years old.At the same time, 36 healthy children from Henan Children′s Hospital were selected as the healthy group, 18 males and 18 females, aged(5.56±2.41)years old, ranging from 3 to 13 years old.The serum S100B protein, NSE, neuropeptide Y, and BD-NF levels of the two groups were compared, and the levels of the children in the epilepsy group were compared before and after treatment and correlation analysis was performed to predict the value of status epilepticus.Results:The epilepsy group serum S100B protein[(0.89±0.17)μg/L], NSE[(29.33±5.42)μg/ml], neuropeptide Y[(287.59±29.41)ng/L], BD-NF[(1.38±0.22)μg/L] level is significantly higher than the healthy group[(0.15±0.02)μg/L, (5.73±5.73)μg/ml, (169.43±28.24)ng/L, (0.68±0.13)μg/L] , The difference was statistically significant( P<0.001). Serum S100B protein[(0.43±0.11)μg/L], NSE[(12.65±2.71)μg/ml], neuropeptide Y[(226.17±26.42)ng/L], BD-NF[(1.09± 0.21)μg/L] level was significantly lower than before treatment, the difference was statistically significant( P<0.001). Serum S100B protein level was positively correlated with NSE level( r=0.646, P<0.001); it was positively correlated with neuropeptide Y level( r=0.486, P=0.003); it was positively correlated with BD-NF level( r=0.508, P=0.002). The area under curve(AUC)value of S100B protein was 0.763, the AUC value of NSE was 0.788, the AUC value of neuropeptide Y was 0.719, and the AUC value of BD-NF was 0.724, the difference was statistically significant( P<0.05). Conclusion:The serum levels of S100B protein, NSE, neuropeptide Y and BD-NF were highly expressed in children with status epilepticus.The higher the levels of S100B protein, NSE, neuropeptide Y and BD-NF, the higher the risk of status epilepticus, all four indicators contribute to the diagnosis of status epilepticus.