Abstract： The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical value of microRNA-21 (miR-21) , carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) , neurospecific enolase (NES) and CYFRA21-1 in predicting the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) . As most of NSCLC patients have failed the best time frame for surgery at their diagnosis, chemotherapy does not significantly improve the survival rate of these patients albeit used as a mainstay treatment. Laboratory testing for serological indices, owing to advantages in easy access to samples, convenience in manipulation, low cost, non-invasiveness and readiness for continuous monitoring, can be used to evaluate the prognosis of NSCLC patients. Among them, miR-21 and CEA, NSE and CYFRA21-1 are commonly used serological indicators to predict the therapeutic efficacy and prognosis of NSCLC in clinical setting.