Abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can be divided into stable stage and acute exacerbation stage characterized by chronic airway inflammation, emphysema and incompletely reversible airflow limitation.Acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) is not only complicated in etiology and poor in prognosis, but also prones to recurrent attacks.Early diagnosis and reasonable treatment are very important.As objective indexes in evaluating the disease status, serum biomarkers provide objective judgements of health status in AECOPD.This article reviewed the research progress of serum biomarkers related to AECOPD diagnosis in recent years, so as to provide references in the early warning and treatment of AECOPD.