Abstract: miR-142-3p, a kind of 19 to 24 nucleotide-long, single-stranded RNAs, is widely related with the initiation and development of numerous diseases and negatively regulates gene expression by binding to the 3′-UTR of target messenger RNAs.miR-142-3p regulates the inflammatory response and the function of immune cells, as well as playing an important role in inflammation diseases such as osteoarthritis and sepsis, and immune related diseases including multiple sclerosisand systemic lupus erythematosus.As it could be delivered to target tissue by exosomes, miR-142-3p is expected to be a new target for the treatment of inflammation and immune related diseases.