Abstract: Objective A new idea of molecular level diagnosis of fat embolism was proposed . To study the diagnostic value of adipocyte protein ASC-1 in the diagnosis of fat embolism .Methods Thirty subjects from Beijing Jishuitan Hospital were enrolled .The ASC-1 level in the specimens was detected by ELISA :serum of 10 non-surgical patients and before orthopaedic surgery patients , serum of 10 patients after joint replacement ,subcutaneous adipose tissue of 5 patients ,adipose tissue in the articular cavity from 5 patients ,and yellow bone marrow of 10 patients .Descriptive analysis was conducted .Results No ASC-1 was found in the serum of non-operative patients .ASC-1 was found in serum of 2 patients before orthopaedic surgery .ASC-1 was found in 3 patients after orthopaedic surgery .ASC-1 was found in subcutaneous adipose tissue of the lower extremity .ASC-1 was found in the intraluminal adipose tissue of 1 case .ASC-1 was found in 5 cases of yellow bone marrow .Conclusions Adipocyte membrane specific protein ASC-1 may be a specific indicator of FE diagnosis .Howere ,further studies are needed to confirm its clinical application value .