Abstract: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a new bronchoscopic technique.Real time EBUS guidance significantly increases the diagnosis rate of TBNA on mediastinal and hilar lesions,and EBUS-TBNA is safe.Now,EBUS-TBNA is mainly used for stage of lung cancer and diagnosis of mediastinal lesions such as sarcoidosis,tuberculosis.Further,it has been reported that EBUS-TBNA is used for the treatment of mediastinal lesions such as mediastinal cyst and mediastinal abscess.As the application scope of EBUS-TBNA expanding,realated complications are also increasing gradualy.This article discribes the occurrence rate,classification,risk factors,precaution and treatment of EBUS-TBNA related complications,reviews the published literatures.