Abstract: Objective SD rats were exposed to formalin for 25 days,observed the pathological change of trachea and lung tissue.Methods 12 SD rats were randomly divided into control group and formalin group and were fed in a 100 cm × 60 cm × 80 cm home-made box respectively.Control group breathed air in the box.Formalin group inhaled 500 ml of formalin for 12 hours every day in the box.After 25 days,observed the pathological change of trachea and lung tissue by the optical microscope and transmission electron microscope.Results Compared with the control group,trachea and lung tissue of the rats exposed to formalin showed edema and inflammatory change in optical microscope.Transmission electron microscope showed there were a large number of vacuoles in alveolar and epithelial cells,lamellar body structure was destroyed,pinocytotic bubbles in vascular endothelial were increased.Conclusions The trachea and lung tissue of rats exposed to formalin showed severe pathological changes.