Abstract： Objective To investigate whether there is an association between the Ala384Ser polymorphsim of antithrombin gene and pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). Methods Antit.hrombin Ala384Ser was detected by case-control study in 65 patients with PTE and 65 nonthrombosis normal individuals as controls. The antithrombin gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The Ala384Ser polymorphism was genotyped by PCR-RFLP using Pvu Ⅱ ,and the confirmation of genotypes was performed by sequencing. Results There was significant difference in family history of PTE between China and West countries. There were no significant differences in the family of cardiovascular diseases, personal history of oral contraceptive, trauma,operation,cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking between patients and controls. Frequencies of allele G and T in the controls were 1,0 respectively. The distribution of genotypes met the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. There were no significant differences in the frequencies of genotype G/G,G/T and T/T between patients and controls. Conclusions Ala384Ser polymorphism of antithrombin gene is not a risk factor for PTE in Chinese,as the obvious discrepancy in the results with those reported by western country investigators may reflect the plausible pathogenic divergence in PTE among different races.