Abstract： Objective:To preliminarily investigate the prognostic factors of diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) in children.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 24 children with DIPG who were admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University from December 2020 to February 2022. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw survival curves. Log-rank test was used to analyze the effects of age, gender, disease duration (≤5 weeks vs. >5 weeks), abducens nerve palsy, whether the lesion was surrounding the basilar artery and whether the tumor was enhanced, hydrocephalus and metastasis, treatment methods and Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score at the time of diagnosis (>50 vs. ≤50) on survival. Some of the above indicators ( P<0.1) were included in the multivariate Cox regression model for further analysis. Results:All patients were followed up for 8.2 to 23.3 months. At the last follow-up, 18 patients died. The median survival time of 24 patients was 35.9 weeks (3.0-181.0 weeks), and their survival rate was 29.2% at 1 year and 4.0% at 2 years. All the 5 patients who underwent surgery died. The 5 patients′ median survival time was 12.0 weeks (5.0-77.3 weeks), and their 1-year survival rate was 20.0%, and the 2-year survival rate was 0. The median survival time of 9 patients treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy was 45.0 weeks (11.6-101.9 weeks), and the 1-year survival rate was 55.6%, and the 2-year survival rate was 44.4%. The median survival time of 10 patients receiving palliative treatment was 29.0 weeks (3.1-181.6 weeks), 1-year survival rate was 30.0%, and 2-year survival rate was 10.0%. Log-rank test showed that shorter course of disease, lesion enhancement, lesion surrounding the basilar artery, KPS≤50 points were associated with short survival (all P<0.05), while the patient′s gender, age, treatment method, whether there was abducens nerve palsy, hydrocephalus, or tumor metastasis did not seem to affect the survival (all P>0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that lesion enhancement ( RR=181.57, 95% CI: 3.28-10 045.64, P=0.011) and shorter disease duration ( RR=0.91, 95% CI: 0.84-0.99, P=0.024) were important factors for reduced survival. Conclusions:Preliminary results suggest that compared with palliative care, surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy cannot effectively improve the prognosis of children. Children with shorter disease duration and lesions with enhancement have a worse prognosis.