Abstract: Nanoprobes are new contrast agents used in medical imaging. Nanomaterials have con-trollable size and surface charge, high porosity, large specific surface area, and they are easily to be modi-fied. Due to the advantages of excellent imaging effect, nanoprobes have a variety prospect of clinical appli-cation, such as tumor imaging, angiography, drug delivery. This review summarizes nanoprobes researches on cancer diagnosis and treatment in recent years.