Abstract： Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) is an acute or subacute neurological syndrome caused by thiamine (Vitamin B 1) deficiency and is usually underestimated in clinical practice.WE is suspected in merely about 6％ of non-alcoholic patients and one-third of alcoholic patients.[1] Non-alcoholic causes include gastrointestinal surgery and disease,malnutrition,cancer and chemotherapeutic treatments,and long-term parenteral nutrition.[2] However,few cases were reported about WE in patients with tuberculosis.Early diagnosis and medication are vital for the prognosis of this disease.