Abstract： Background Surgical aortic valve replacement is the standard treatment for patients with severe aortic stenosis, but some registries have indicated that 30％ to 60％ of these patients are not treated surgically, usually due to advanced age and/or comorbidities. This single center study in China investigated the current treatment status in the patients with severe aortic stenosis and evaluated the long term clinical outcome in advanced age patients whether or not undergoing aortic valve replacement.Methods Clinical data of 867 consecutive patients with severe aortic stenosis between January 2000 and December 2006 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients ≥65 years old were followed up by telephone or information from medical records. The primary end-point was all-cause mortality.Results The patients' average age was (52±19) years (range, 1-91 years), and 34％ were women. The percentages of the patients aged ＜15 years, between 15 and 34 years, between 35 and 54 years, between 55 and 64 years, between 65 and 74 years, and ≥75 years who underwent surgical aortic valve replacement were 82.3％, 87.2％, 88.8％, 78.2％,65.3％ and 22.2％ respectively. In the patients (n=256) ≥65 years old, 43.4％ had New York Heart Association class Ⅲ and Ⅳ symptoms, 39.1％ had hypertension, 33.2％ had coronary heart disease, and 3.1％ had stroke. In the patients not undergoing aortic valve replacement, 1.6％ had renal insufficiency, 4.7％ had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,2.0％ had critical hematopathy, and 0.4％ had mammary cancer. A total of 186 (72.7％) patients finished the follow-up,and the average duration of the follow-up was (60±26) months. In the patients between 65 and 74 years old, the total deaths and cardiac deaths in the patients undergoing aortic valve replacement decreased significantly compared with those with conservative treatment (10.3％ vs. 53.7％, P＜0.001 and 6.3％ vs. 50.7％, P＜0.001). Similarly, in the patients ≥75 years old, there was a significant difference between patients who had surgery and those who had conservative treatment in the total deaths and cardiac deaths (21.4％ vs. 63.3％, /=0.007 and 14.3％ vs. 46.9％, P=0.033). The total deaths in the patients aged between 65 and 74 years were significantly fewer compared with ≥75 years old patients (25.4％ vs. 54.0％, P＜0.001 ). Cox regression revealed that aortic valve replacement was the only independent predictor of mortality (HR 0.183; 95％ CI, 0.101-0.332, P＜0.001).Conclusions This single centre study showed that surgical aortic valve replacement was still the standard treatment for the patients with severe aortic stenosis and had a satisfying prognosis. However, the high risk patients with advanced age and comorbidities usually selected conservative treatment and had an unfavorable prognosis.