Abstract： With the increasing number of drug resistant bacteria,antibacterial vaccines,as substitutes for antibiotics,have received wide attention in preventing bacterial infections.Traditional antibacterial vaccines such as the bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine,meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine,and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine have been successfully applied to this day,but they also have their own limitations.This situation has driven the development of novel antibacterial vaccines.This review describes the immune characteristics of traditional and new antibacterial vaccines,as well as the clinical marketing of several antibacterial vaccines,in order to provide references for the development of antibacterial vaccines.