Abstract： Objective To investigate the prognostic factors of survival rate after repair of esophageal atresia (EA) and/or tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). Methods The clinical data of the 101 patients underwent TEF/EA repair between January 1999 and December 2008 at this center were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into low-birth-weight group (29 patients, birth-weight＜2 500 grams) and normal-birth-weight group (72 patients, birth-weight＞2. 5 kg). The possible prognostic factors were retrospectively analyzed including patients status, the incidence of preoperative and intraoperative critical events, postoperative complications, postoperative mechanical ventilation time,stress hyperglycemia and survival rate. Logistic regression analysis was employed to predict the prognostic factors of the survival rate after repair of EA and/or TEF. Results Of the 29 low-birth-weight EA patients, the survival rate was significantly lower than that of the normal birth weight patients (75.9% vs 92. 3% ,P = 0. 027) ,and the survival rate positively correlated with the birth weight (r=0. 946,P= 0. 015). The incidence of preoperative and intraoperative critical events and postoperative complications in low-birth-weight EA patients were significantly higher than those of the normal birth weight patients (67. 7% vs 32. 9% ,P = 0. 002; 70% vs 26%, P = 0. 001 ). The morbidity of anastomotic stricture and leak was higher, and postoperative mechanical ventilation time was longer compared with the normal birth weight patients (P = 0. 001 ). The survival rate of the patients had postoperative stress hyperglycemia was lower than that of patients without stress hyperglycemia (93. 6% vs 81.0%,P = 0. 024) ,and the survival rate negatively correlated with the severity of postoperative stress hyperglycemia (r = - 0. 931, P = 0. 022). Conclusions Low-birth-weight and postoperative stress hyperglycemia are the prognostic factors of survival rate after repair of EA and/or TEF.