Abstract： Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment(CRCI)is common among breast cancer patients after chemotherapy.More and more evidence shows that CRCI is mainly due to changes in the brain structure and function.MRI technology can reveal the reduction of gray matter volume/density,the decrease of cortical thickness,the destruction of white matter microstructure,and the abnormalities in brain function or network connectivity.This article aims to review the research on the CRCI of breast cancer using gray matter,white matter structural imaging and resting-state functional MRI(rs-fMRI).It mainly includes three dimensional T1-weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)on study gray matter and white matter abnormalities,as well as the changes in brain amplitude of low frequency fluctuation(ALFF),regional homogeneity(ReHo),functional connectivity(FC)and brain networks observed in rs-fMRI.To evaluate the association between neuroimaging markers and cognitive function in the trajectory of breast cancer chemotherapy,explore the neurobiological mechanism of CRCI,and provide relatively objective neuroimaging markers for CRCI.