Abstract： Objective To evaluate the efficacy of vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane(ILM) peeling and perfluoropropane tamponade (C3F8) to treat macular retinoschisis in high myopic eyes. Methods 33 eyes of 31 consecutive high myopia patients with macular retinoschisis were selected randomly; all had posterior staphyloma without retinal detachment. The preoperative refractive errors ranged from -9.5 D to -21.0 D with the mean of -(13.1±3.6) D. The preoperative axial lengths ranged form 26 mm to 32 mm with the mean of (28.3±2.1 mm. Conventional 20-G vitrectomy was performed with ILM peeling and 10 % C3 F8 infusion, ILM was labeled by Triamcinolone (TA). The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and macular structural changes were observed before the surgery, and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 months after the surgery. Results Beginning from 1 month after surgery all patients had significant improvement of the macular retinoschisis and BCVA. The macular structure changed very slightly along with the time. The foveal thickness were (327.62±51.7), (165.2±22. 6), (159.3±28.7), (167.7±17.1), (142.7±13.8) and (169.1±19.6) μm respectively before surgery and 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 months after surgery. The mean foveal thickness was reduced significantly at 1-8 months follow-up compared with the preoperational result (t = 9.21,9.23,9.21,10. 67,9.21; P<0.05). The foveal thickness had no significant change at each time-point after surgery. From 4 months after surgery, recurrence of macular retionoscbisis was found in 3 eyes (9.1%). Conclusion Vitrectomy with ILM peeling and C3F8 tamponade is useful to treat macular retinoschisis in high myopic eyes.