Abstract： Objective To study the feasibility, efficacy and safety of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in neonatal resuscitation. Methods Totally, 369 neonates requiring positive pressure ventilation at birth were randomized into two groups by offering either LMA resuscitation (205 cases) or bag-mask ventilation (BMV) resuscitation (164 cases). The effect in the two groups were observed. Results (1) No significant difference was observed in Apgar scores at 1 min between LMA group and BMV group, but the neonates having higher Apgar scores at 5 min in LMA group were more than in BMV group (x2 =-3. 39,P=0. 001). The successful resuscitation rate of LMA group was higher than that of BMV group (99.02%vs 84. 15% ,x2 =28. 76, P＜0. 01), the total ventilation time of LMA group was shorter than that of BMV group [(36.4±23.7) s vs (66.2±35.4) s] (t=-8.66, P＜0. 01). Among severe asphyxia neonates,seven of nine were successfully resuscitated by LMA, while in BMV group six neonates with severe asphyxia were all switched to endotracheal intubation ventilation. In neonates with Apgar score of 4 to 5 at 1 min after birth, the successful resuscitation rate of LMA group was higher than that of BMV group (100% vs 42. 86%, x2 =23.04, P＜0.01), the ventilation time of LMA group was shorter than that of BMV group [(54.6±33.6) s vs (136.4±42.0) s] (t= -4. 45, P＜0.01). In neonates with Apgar score of 6 to 7 at 1 min after birth, there was no significant difference in the successful resuscitation rate between LMA and BMV group. (2) The successful rate of LMA insertion at first attempt was 98.54% (202/205) and the average insertion time was (7.8 ± 2. 2) s. The adverse effects included vomiting(4 cases)and regurgitation (3 cases). Conclusions In neonatal resuscitation, LMA can be easily inserted. Compared to BMV, LMA is a better choice in resuscitation for neonates with moderate or severe asphyxia and preferable for those medical staffs who are unfamiliar with endotracheal intubation, or even as a substitute of endotracheal intubation ventilation.