Abstract： Objective To evaluate percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP)in treating patients suffering from nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral body compression fracture.Methods PVP was performed in 15 cases with nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral body compression fracture during the period of September 2009-July 2010.The curative effect of PVP was evaluated by measuring visual analogue score (VAS).The VAS at different time points were compared and statistically analyzed.The complications were recorded.Results The average follow-up period was 9 months.The patients were followed up for 6 to 12 months,VAS score of six months and two days was significantly lower than that of the preoperative [(2.4 ±0.4),(9.3 ±0.6) scores vs (4.4 ±0.5) scores],the difference was statistically significant (t =3.2407 and 4.9427,all P ＜ 0.01).There was a statistically significant diference (P ＜ 0.05) between pre-PVP and post-PVP.No complications due to bone cement leakage occured in all patients.The average volume of cement injected into each vertebral body was 3.4 ml (range 2.9-4.5 ml).Condusion For patients with nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral body compression fracture,PVP is a safe and effective treatment.