Abstract： Objective To evaluate the long-term prognosis of patients with HBV-related decompensated cirrhosis after treatment with nucleos (t) ide analogues. Methods Totally 94 patients with HBV-related decompensated cirrhosis were enrolled, 53 in nucleos(t) ide group, 41 in control group, and both received routine treatments. Patients in nucleos (t)ide analogue group also received lamivudine ( 100 mg/d), or adefovir ( 10 mg/d), or entecavir (0.5 rag/d). The follow-up was terminated for those who developed hepatocellular carcinoma, received liver transplantation, died or refused the treatment. Serum biochemical markers, Child-Pugh grades and clinical outcomes were compared between two groups at the end of following up. Results After nucleos (t) ide analogues therapy, ALT, AST, globulin ( Glb), and TBil decreased, while Alb and cholinesterase (CHE) increased in the nucleos(t)ide group, and Chiid-Pugh scores decreased in 43 (81.1%) patients. While in the control group, ALT, AST, Glb and TBil did not show significant changes, but the CHE was significantly lower than before ( t = 5. 225, P < 0. 01 ). More patients in nucleos (t)ide group showed improvements in Child-Pugh grades, and there was significant difference between the two groups (X2 = 52.16, P <0.01). The incidence of HCC is lower in nucleos(t) ide group (0%) than that in the control group ( 19.5% ) ( X2 = 23.07, P < 0.01 ). The incidence of death and liver transplantation between two groups did not show siguificant difference. Conclusions Nucleos(t) ide analogues therapy can significantly improve biochemical status of liver functions in patients with HBV-related decompensated cirrhosis. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma may decline and the long-term prognosis can be improved.