Abstract： Objective:To observe the short-term effects of intravitreal injection of aflibercept (IVA) for initial treatment and dressing change on exudative age-related macular degeneration (eAMD).Methods:A retrospective clinical study. From June 2018 to February 2021, forty-nine eAMD eyes of 38 patients who underwent IVA treatment in Department of Ophthalmology of Central Theater Command Hospital of People’s Liberation Army were included in the study. Among them, there were 24 males with 29 eyes and 14 females with 20 eyes; the average age was 66.82±8.71 years. All affected eyes were treated with IVA. The initial loading dose was 2.0 mg, which was injected once a month for 3 consecutive months, followed by monthly review and treatment as needed. Of the 49 eyes, 26 eyes were initially treated (initial treatment group), they were diagnosed within 3 months of the first onset and followed by IVA treatment, and no intraocular drugs and surgery were performed from the onset to the first diagnosis. Twenty-three eyes were treated with drug exchange therapy (dressing change group), they received intravitreal injection of ranibizumab and/or conbercept more than 4 times 6 months before the replacement therapy, during which there was persistent interlaminar cystoid edema and/or subretinal fluid (SRF) in the macular area and no improvement in pigment epithelial detachment (PED). Before IVA treatment, there were no statistically significant differences in the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), foveal thickness (CMT), PED height (PEDH), and PED volume (PEDV) of the two groups of eyes before IVA treatment ( P>0.05). The same equipment and methods as before treatment were used for related examinations, and the changes of BCVA, CMT, PEDH, PEDV and complications of the two groups of eyes were recorded in 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. The comparison of BCVA, CMT, PEDH, and PEDV between the two groups were used repeated measures analysis of variance. Results:Six months after treatment, the number of IVA injections in the eyes of the initial treatment group and dressing change group were 4.15±0.73 and 4.39±0.72 times, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant ( t=-1.141, P=0.260). The BCVA, CMT, PEDH, and PEDV of the the initial treatment group ( F=5.345, 22.995, 6.764, 5.425) and the dressing change group ( F=12.519, 15.576, 8.843, 9.406) were significantly improved compared before treatment with 1, 3, and 6 months. All were statistically significant ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in BCVA, CMT, PEDH, and PEDV between the initial treatment group and the dressing group at each time point after treatment ( F=1.741, 0.069, 0.876, 3.455; P>0.05). During the follow-up period, none of the affected eyes had complications such as persistent intraocular pressure increase, endophthalmitis, and retinal pigment epithelial tear. Conclusions:IVA can improve eyesight of patients with eAMD and reduce CMT, PEDH, and PEDV. The initial treatment and dressing change have the same effect.