Abstract： Objective To observe the clinical features of autoimmune optic neuropathy (AON).Methods The clinical data of 58 patients with AON from Jan.2006 to Dec.2007 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients had undergone routine ophthalmological,neurological examination,visual field test,all set of autoimmune antibody test,brain MRI.Results In 93 eyes of 58 patients with AON,the lowest best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was＜0.1 in 68 eyes (73.1%),10 patients (17.2%) had other symptoms of nervous system,14 patients (24.1%) had lesions of non-neurological system.Positive antinuclear antibody was found in 43 patients (79.6%);other abnormal antibodies were also found,including anti-SSA/SSB,anti-ds-DNA,antihistonic,anticardiolipin,and anti-human leukocyte antigen B27antibodies.Systematic connective tissue disease presented in 20 patients (34.5%),such as sicca syndrome,systemic lupus erythematosus,and Behcet disease.32 patients (55.2%) had abnormal brain MRI,and the BCVA of 49 eyes (77.7%) improved significantly after hospitalization.Conclusion Patients with AON always have poor visual function,some of whom associate with other systems,as well as damages to other parts of the nervous system.While some AON patients are secondary to systemic connective tissue disease involving the optic nerve,the majority of these patients are isolated autoimmune optic neuropathy.