Abstract： Neuromodulation techniques as vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) play important roles in treating refractory focal epilepsy. In recent years, epileptogenic zone closed-loop responsive neurostimulator system (RNS) has been gradually put into clinical practice; in 2013, it was approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as an adjuvant therapy for refractory epilepsy. This article reviews the development history, clinical application, anti-epileptic mechanism and future research directions of RNS to deepen the understanding of clinical workers.