Abstract： Objective:To explore the factors affecting the survival prognosis of children with medulloblastoma (MB).Methods:The clinical data of 87 children with MB admitted to the Neurosurgery Department of Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University from December 2012 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. All 87 cases underwent tumor resection, 69 cases received chemotherapy and 73 cases received radiotherapy. The overall survival (OS) of the children was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate log-rank test and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to explore the influencing factors of OS in children.Results:Among the 87 cases of medulloblastoma, gross total resection was achieved in 75 cases, near total resection in 10, and partial resection in 2. Postoperative pathological results revealed 64 cases of classic type, 13 cases of desmoplastic/nodular type, 6 cases of large cell/anaplastic type and 4 cases of extensive nodularity type. According to the molecular typing method and out of 32 cases, there were 17 cases of Group 4, 10 cases of SHH type, 3 cases of Group 3 type and 2 cases of WNT type. Post operation, 33 cases (37.9%) were diagnosed with cerebellar mutism syndrome (CMS). The follow-up time was 1-86 months with a median of 22.5 months. The overall 7-year survival rate was 61.7%. Kaplan-Meier analysis results showed that risk hierarchy ( χ2=15.80, P<0.001), preoperative tumor dissemination ( χ2=13.72, P<0.001), postoperative radiotherapy ( χ2=25.92, P<0.001) and postoperative chemotherapy ( χ2=3.89, P=0.049) were associated with OS. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that postoperative radiotherapy was the only independent risk factor affecting OS ( HR=-2.37, 95% CI: 0.03-0.31, P<0.001), while risk hierarchy, preoperative tumor dissemination, age, postoperative chemotherapy, or CMS were not risk factors of OS (all P>0.05). Conclusion:Postoperative CMS does not affect the prognosis of MB, and postoperative radiotherapy can help improve the prognosis of MB.