Abstract： Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of AIDS complicated with plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL).Methods:Clinical data and laboratory test of 7 AIDS patients complicated with PBL admitted to Yunnan Infectious Disease Hospital from January 2016 to October 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:There were 6 male patients and 1 female patient with a median age of 48 years (41-56 years). All patients had oral and maxillofacial involvement, and only 1 case was stage Ⅱ at the initial Ann Arbor stage, while 6 cases were stage Ⅲ or higher. Six patients had systemic symptoms. All patients had a Ki-67 proliferation index greater than 80% and all presented MYC gene rearrangements, and 6 patients were positive for EBER. All patients received DA-EPOCH-based first-line chemotherapy and antiretroviral therapy (ART), Five patients initiated ART at the same time as chemotherapy, and 2 patients initiated ART before chemotherapy. Four patients achieved complete remission after chemotherapy according to PET-CT evaluation, and 3 patients died.Conclusions:Active chemotherapy combined with ART can maximize the therapeutic benefits of AIDS patients with PBL. The introduction of ART in the first chemotherapy cycle can avoid the rapid disease deterioration in the patients.