Abstract: Non-tuberculous mycobacterium ( NTM) infection is the main cause of the increased hospitalization and mortality of HIV/AIDS patients.The diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection combined with NTM is different from that of tuberculosis : the drugs are selected according to the responsible microorganisms and treatment courses depend on the involved organs and tissues in NTM infection .Besides, the combined administration of anti-HIV and anti-NTM agents would cause drug interaction , increase adverse reactions, affect patients’ compliance and treatment outcomes.Based on the disease prevalence and current diagnosis and treatment status , referring relevant Chinese and international guidelines , the AIDS Professional Group, Society of Tropical Disease and Parasitology of Chinese Medical Association has developed this expert consensus to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of HIV /AIDS patients combined with NIM in China.