Abstract: Objective To compare the effective radiation dose levels of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) with those of multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) when scanning the same maxillofacial regions.Methods The effective doses of 2 CBCT( NewTom 9000 and DCT Pro) and 1 MSCT (bright speed edge select 8 slice) scanners were calculated using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) that were placed in a head and neck phantom,and expressed according to the International Commission on Radiation Protection(ICRP) 2007 guidelines.Results Effective dose values ranged from 41.8 to 249.1 μSv for CBCT.The doses of MSCT scanning for maxilla,mandible and maxilla + mandible were 506.7,829.9 and 1066.1 μSv,respectively.Dose levels of scanning only for maxilla or mandible were significantly lower than those for maxilla + mandible.Conclusions When scanning the same maxillofacial regions,the dose levels for NewTom 9000 and DCT Pro CBCT images were lower than those for Bright speed edge select 8 slice MSCT images.Dose levels reduction could be obtained when smaller regions were scanned.