Abstract： Objective:To analyze the advantages of the impact of physical activity management under medical supervision on body components and healthy physical fitness.Methods:A total of 106 healthy adults who participated in physical activity management activities in the Health Management Center of Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People′s Hospital from April 1 st 2020 to May 31 th 2021 were enrolled. The subjects were equally divided into a medical supervision group and a self-supervision group with random number table. Both groups performed a 8-week physical activity intervention, followed by the model of “a combination of online home physical activity with offline team exercise, and team exercise interaction with individual physical activity guidance”, while health education was provided and wearable devices were worn to collect exercise data. The medical supervision group completed the set number of exercises under the supervision of the team, with on-site exercise guidance. They were required to participate in weekly one-to-one on-site instruction. The self-management group carried out exercises and participated in weekly one-to-one instruction in accordance according to their own will with online feedback. During the study, 6 cases withdrew, and 52 cases in the supervision group and 48 in the self-management group were obtained. The t and Wilcoxon tests were used to compare the body components and physical fitness of the two groups before and after intervention. Results:The amount of exercise in the supervision group was significantly higher than that in self-management group (1 359 vs 615), and there was no significant differences in exercise intensity (mean heart rate, maximum heart rate and exercise duration) between the two groups (all P>0.05). After the intervention, the body weight, body mass index (BMI), percent body fat, subcutaneous fat area and strength fitness of the supervision group were significantly lower than those before the intervention [(55.36±6.37) vs (56.11±6.33) kg, (21.48±2.85) vs (21.73±2.47) kg/m 2, (27.38±5.34) % vs (28.53±4.99) %, (119.56±48.45) vs (128.70±50.10) cm 2, (24.48±6.37) vs (26.07±5.29) kg], while the cardiorespiratory endurance, flexibility fitness and agility fitness were significantly higher [(33.57±5.06) vs (30.32±4.59) ml·kg -1·min -1, (14.71±7.51) vs (10.54±7.54) cm, (0.44±0.08) vs (0.48±0.05) s] (all P<0.05). After the intervention, the body weight, muscle mass and lean body mass in self-management group were all significantly higher than those before the intervention [(56.83±8.09) vs (56.45±8.22) kg, (38.28±3.19) vs (38.24±5.17) kg; (40.80±4.16) vs (40.32±4.95) kg], and agility fitness was significantly lower [(0.64±0.39) vs (0.49±0.05) s] (all P<0.05). It was also found that improvements regarding the following three indicators were more significant in the supervision group: visceral fat, balance and agility fitness (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Physical activity intervention under medical supervision can significantly improve the body components and physical fitness in healthy adults, as well as exercise compliance and validity.