Abstract: Objective To study the risk factors of diabetes mellitus in Xuzhou city.Methods A survey study was conducted by using multi-stage random cluster sampling, total of 24 369 residents aged ≥15 were selected.A self-designed questionnaire was used, and height, body weight, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose were measured.Single factor and multivariate non-conditional Logistic regression analysis were used for data analysis.Results In single factor analysis, living region, age, educational level, occupation, marriage status, income, hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, family history of diseases (including hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes ) , current smoking, sleep quality, occupational labor intensity,body mass index,abdominal obesity,and waist-hip ratio were related to diabetes (all P<0.05).Results from the multivariable stepwise analysis showed that age, hypertension, family history of diabetes, sleep quality,body mass index,abdominal obesity,and waist-hip ratio were risk factors of diabetes mellitus (Chi -square values were 179.610,4.957,32.721,14.630,7.624,4.432, and 4.387, respectively; all P < 0.05).Conclusion Diabetes mellitus screening and behavioral intervention should be used in high-risk populations to effectively control or reduce the incidence of diabetes.