Abstract： Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV), an essential respiratory support method, is widely used in acute/chronic respiratory failure and assisting rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We searched the relevant research articles about NPPV published from 1 st October 2020 to 30 th September 2021 through Medline. Researches focusing on the clinical application and viral transmission protection during high-flow nasal cannula oxygen and NPPV in COVID-19, were mainly retrospective and of small sample size. It demonstrated that high-flow nasal cannula oxygen and NPPV might reduce intubation rates when treating patients with mild-to-moderate respiratory failure, but the risk of delayed intubation should draw particular precaution. When using NPPV in non-COVID-19-related de novo acute respiratory failure, diaphragm thickening fraction and tidal change of esophageal pressure were validated to predict the treatment outcome. In addition, some studies explored the compliance and related influencing factors associated with the treatment effects of early NPPV initiation on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients and the effects of NPPV on dynamic hyperinflation during exercise in COPD patients. Furthermore, the effectiveness of neurally adjusted ventilatory assist ventilation and a novel communication device optimizing the use of NPPV were also investigated and outlined.