Abstract： Objective:To investigate the effects of anti-load training on the physical fitness of students from Naval Junior Aviation School（NAJS），and to provide new ideas and methods to promote student physical health.Methods:According to the physical and mental characteristics of NAJS students and their future professional requirements for physical fitness，an anti-load physical fitness training program was developed. The first-year NAJS high school students in their spring semester of 2021 academic year were selected as the research subjects，and they were divided into experimental group and control group according to the random number table method，with 40 students in each group. They were given 14 weeks of anti-load physical training and school sports training intervention，and the changes in the physical fitness before and after the intervention and reasons for such changes were analyzed.Results:The mean physical fitness score of students in the experimental group after intervention was higher than that before intervention［（84.77 ± 5.84） vs.（77.03 ± 6.14）］，with a statistically significant difference（ P=0.003）；after intervention，the physical fitness total score grade of both groups improved from passing to good，while the excellent and good rate of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group（78.26% vs. 71.43%）. After intervention，the total scores of the body mass index of both groups reached excellent grade. The mean values of the vital capacity of the experimental group were（4 208.58 ± 768.18）ml before intervention and（4 215.29 ± 561.74）ml after intervention，and the variation rate was 0.16%. The mean values of vital capacity of the control group were（4 282.80 ± 547.75）ml before intervention and（4 121.77 ± 463.70）ml after intervention，and the variation rate was -3.76%. After intervention，the grade of 50 m running test scores in the experimental group changed from good to excellent，and that in the control group changed from passing to excellent，and the excellent and good rate in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group（88.89% vs. 78.38%）. The grade of sitting flexion test results of both groups changed from passing to good，and the excellent and good rate of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group（63.16% vs. 56.41%）. The grade of standing long jump results of both groups changed from passing to good. Before intervention，the average pull-up scores of the experimental group and the control group were（17.62 ± 21.13）and（9.74 ± 16.30），respectively；after intervention，the scores were（61.49 ± 25.68）and（54.51 ± 22.56），respectively，both with statistically significant differences（ P<0.001）.The pull-up grade of the experimental group changed from fail to good，while that of the control group remained fail. The pull-up excellent and good rate in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group（32.44% vs. 7.7%）. After intervention，the average scores of 1 000 m running of the two groups were decreased compared with those before intervention，and the difference was statistically significant（ P<0.05）. Conclusion:After 14 weeks of anti-load physical training，the students’ physique，physical function，and fitness have improved to a certain extent，especially the strength of their upper limbs，which indicates that the training can obviously promote the physical fitness of NAJS students.