Abstract： Objective:To summarize the distribution and incidences of common diseases among the crew members of a survey ship during an ocean-going mission，so as to provide reference for better medical support for such missions.Methods:This paper reviewed the outpatient records of 157 officers and sailors of a survey ship，their case data，and the meteorological data during an ocean-going mission from March 31，2018 to September 4，2018，and analyzed the etiological characteristics and the correlations between the incidence of each body system disease and the temperature，humidity，wind force，and wave height.Results:A total of 436 cases were included. The top five diseases，ranked by incidence，were respiratory system diseases，skin diseases，motor system injuries，skin and soft tissue injuries，and digestive system diseases，accounting for 73.9% of the total cases，among which，upper respiratory tract infection，skin and soft tissue injuries，pains in the back，neck，and shoulder，allergic dermatitis，and tinea accounted for 19.6%，12.2%，8.9%，5.5%，and 5.5%，respectively.Conclusions:The incidence of respiratory diseases is negatively correlated with the mean wave height，mean humidity，and mean wind speed. The incidence of skin diseases is positively correlated with the average temperature and negatively correlated with the average wave height. The incidence of motor system injuries is negatively correlated with the average wave height and the average temperature，and positively correlated with the average wind speed. The incidence of skin and soft tissue injuries is positively correlated with the mean wind speed. The incidence of digestive system diseases is positively correlated with the average wave height and the average humidity.