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颅脑损伤后小胶质细胞表型的变化及其高压氧治疗的研究进展

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Author:: No author available

Journal Title:: Chinese Journal of Nautical Medicine and Hyperbaric Medicine

Issue:: 2

DOI:: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-6906.2018.02.019

Key Word:: No keyword available

Abstract：创伤性颅脑损伤(traumatic brain injury,TBI)是由外力直接或间接作用于颅骨和脑组织,造成脑形态和功能的破坏.据统计目前全球每年因TBI住院、致残或死亡的人数至少有1 000万,全球约有5 700万人经受过一次或多次TBI[1].世界卫生组织预计,2020年TBI将成为人类死亡和残疾的首要原因[2].TBI俨然已经成为了一个全球重要的公共卫生问题,尽管人们已经在TBI研究方面做了大量的工作,但目前仍无有效治疗方法[3].在过去的10年里,高压氧(hyperbaric oxygen,HBO)成为了TBI常用的治疗方式之一,且临床观察表明其对于TBI患者病情具有改善的作用[4],但HBO治疗颅脑损伤的作用机制尚待深入研究.小胶质细胞(microglia)是神经胶质细胞的一种,属单核巨噬细胞系统,是中枢神经系统(central nervous system,CNS)中的第一道也是最主要的一道免疫防线.TBI后小胶质细胞可迅速被激活,极化为M1表型和M2表型发挥炎症作用[5].笔者对颅脑损伤后小胶质细胞活化表型及其表型变化、HBO治疗颅脑损伤的现状进行综述,旨在为进一步探索HBO治疗颅脑损伤的相关机制提供新的思路.

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