Abstract： Objective To investigate the present status of the compliance to the medical treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) outside military hospitals among navy convalescents and analysis of influential factors.Methods A horizontal survey was made on 114 navy convalescents with confirmed COPD,by using the Modified British Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (mMRC),the Morisky survey and the Bristol COPD Knowledge Questionnaire (BCKQ ).Results In the 114 navy convalescents with COPD,the average score of the Morisky survey was 1.18 ±1.05,those with total compliance only accounted for 28.9%.The extent of compliance was closely associated with the number of COPD recurrence.The average scores of COPD perception in the convalescents were 55.26 ±9.54.The compliance to the treatment was positively correlated with the perception of diseases.However,it was negatively correlated with those who were complicated with 3 or more than 3 chronic diseases and received 2 or more than 2 drugs.Conclusions Consolidated education about COPD in navy convalescents and optimized drug treatment regimen are the key to the improvement of compliance and better prognosis.