Abstract： Objective To investigate pathogenesis and progress in clinical treatment of endometriosis (EM).In accordance with the clinical experience,the incidence of EM among females in different age catogeries was investigated and risk factors associated with EM were also summarized.Methods The research was conducted through a case control study.Data of 127 EM cases (the experiemental group) and 122 non-EM cases (the control group) were collected from January,2012 to June,2014.With regard to menstrual features and reproductive activities,the subjects were asked to fill the gynecopathy form for questionnaire and then related risk factors were calculated,analyzed and evaluated.Results EM occurred mostly in the age between 20 and 50,with those in their thirties and forties having the highest incidence.Single factor analysis indicated that menarche below the age of 11,menstrual cycle of less than 24 days,menstrual length of over 8 days,dysmenorrheal were all closely correlated with high incidence of EM (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).Age of primary pregnancy greater than 29 and abortion were all risk factors of EM (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).Conclusions EM seemed to be associated with early menarche,short menstrual cycles,long menstrual length,late pregnancy and abortion.