Abstract： Objective To analyze the prognosis ofⅠb2 andⅡa2 cervical squamous cancer without high risk factors treated with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy(NACT)and radical hysterectomy. Methods This retrospective study included patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO)stageⅠb2 andⅡa2 cervical squamous cancer without high risk factors who underwent platinum-based NACT followed by radical surgery from January 2008 to January 2015.The responses of NACT were observed and compared in their effect on postoperative pathologic risk factors. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis were performed to analyze survival status. Results This study was recruited 282 patients with the average age of(44.4±6.7)years old.After NACT,42 patients achieved complete response [CR,14.9%(42/282)],while 138 patients achieved partial response[PR,48.9%(138/282)]and 102 stable disease [SD, 36.2%(102/282)]. The rate of pathologic diameter ≥4 cm, deep stromal invasion(DSI) positive and lymph-vascular space invasion(LVSI)positive rate decreased significantly in CR and PR group compared with SD group(P<0.05). The number of postoperative risk factors in CR, PR and SD groups varied significantly(χ 2=64.869, P=0.000). Besides,the rate of multiple intermediate risk factors was respectively 0 vs 13.8% vs 45.1%(χ2=7.107, P=0.008). The disease relapsed in 23 patients, and 12 died. On the whole series, 5-year overall survival rate was 91.7%, and 5-year recurrence-free survival rate was 88.9%. The rate of recurrence(P=0.002)and mortality(P=0.036)were higher in LVSI positive patients compared with LVSI negative. And the rate of recurrence was higher in patients with multiple intermediate risk factors,compared with no or one intermediate risk factors(P=0.002).Univariate analysis revealed that LVSI positive and multiple intermediate risk factors were the factors predicted recurrence and mortality(P<0.05), and no significance in age, stage, tumor grade, tumor diameter before or after NACT, response to NACT,or DSI positive factors(all P>0.05).The multivariate analysis showed that,the factor of primary tumor diameter≥6 cm(P=0.022)and multiple intermediate risk factors(P=0.001)were independent prognostic variables for recurrent-free survival.Besides,multiple intermediate risk factors was independent prognostic variable for overall survival(P=0.034). After surgery, 107 patients did not receive adjuvant therapy,while 175 patients received adjuvant therapy with 26 radiotherapy,46 chemotherapy and 103 concurrent radiochemotherapy.On survival analysis of postoperative adjuvant treatment,5-year recurrence-free survival rate of radiotherapy group was significantly lower in patients with the factor of SD response to NACT(P=0.011)and multiple intermediate risk factors(P=0.008), while overall no significance in overall survival rate(P>0.05).Conclusions NACT may be play beneficial role in relieving the status of intermediate risk factors for stage Ⅰb2 andⅡa2 cervical squamous cancer without high risk factors. The status of multiple intermediate risk factors is independent prognostic factors for recurrence and mortality. For patients with multiple intermediate risk factors, postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy or concurrent radiochemotherapy might be the better choice to prevent relapse.