Abstract： Objective To investigate the effect of domestic urine-derived high-purity follicle-stimulating hormone (HP-FSH,Lishenbao) on the outcome of in vitro fertilization(IVF) embryo transfer (ET) in controlled ovarian stimulation (COS).Methods From 1 September 2010 to 31 March 2011,total of 3178 infertility patients from 14 Reproductive Center with IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) indications who accepted first IVF or ICSI cycle were studied retrospectively.Their causes of infertility include all infertility factors except ovulatory dysfunction infertility and uterine factor infertility.The only long luteal phase gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) protocol was included.Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the type of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) agents used:1932 cases in HP-FSH group and 1246 cases in recombinant FSH (rFSH)group.Patients in both groups were combined with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) at doses of 150 U when follicle with diameter reached to 14-16 mm.When 3 dominate follicle with diameter reached 18 mm,hCG at dose of 5000 to 10 000 U orrecombinant hCG at dose of 250 μg was administered by intramuscular injection.After 34 to 36 hours,oocytes were obtained guided by ultrasound,then IVF-ET were underwent in their Reproductive Center.The primary endpoint was comparison of live birth rate between the two groups.The secondary endpoints were comparisons of clinical pregnancy rate,miscarriage rate,and implantation rate,as well as COS and IVF outcome between the two groups.Results (1) There were significantly differences in baseline characteristics of the patients between two groups.The mean age was elder(32 ±4 versus 30 ±4,P ＜0.01),the infertility duration was longer(5 ±4 versus 5 ± 3,P ＜ 0.01),and antral follicle count (AFC) was less (11 ± 5 versus 13 ± 7,P ＜ 0.01)in patients of HP-FSH group compared with those in patients of rFSH group.(2) As c ompared with rFSH,the total doses of gonadotropin needed was (2348 ± 1011) U in HP-FSH group versus (2022 ± 659) U in rFSH group,the number of oocytes 13 ± 6 in HP-FSH group aud 14 ±7 in rFSH group,the rate of embryo frozen cycle of 66.30％ (1281/1932) in HP-FSH group and 74.88％(933/1246) in rFSH group,which all reached statistical difference (P ＜0.01).However,there were no significant different implantation rate [30.49％ (1111/3644) versus 32.45％ (737/2271)] between two groups.The other clinical parameters did not show significant difference,including clinical pregnancy rate per started cycle [41.61％ (804/1932) versus 41.97％ (523/1246)],clinical pregnancy rate per ET cycle [46.58 ％ (804/1726) versus 48.47 ％ (523/1079)],live birth rate per started cycle [34.21％ (661 /1932) versus 34.19％ (426/1246)],live birth rate per ET cycle [38.30％ (661/1726) versus 39.48％(426/1079)],miscarriage rate [13.6％ (109/804) versus 16.4％ (86/523)],and moderate/severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) rate [5.80％ (112/1932) versus 7.78％ (97/1246)] (P ＞0.05).(3) Treatment cost:the cost of gonadotropins needed for the patients in HP-FSH group was lower than that in rFSH group(4005 ± 1650 versus 6482 ± 2095,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion In IVF/ICSI treatment cycles,domestic HP-FSH has similar live birth rate and lower financial burden when compared with rFSH.