Abstract： Laparoscopic nephrectomy (LN) is a less invasive surgical option for patients with renal disease.However,it may be complicated with disastrous CO2 embolism,which is rare but a life-threatening consequence.Here,we present a case of lethal CO2 embolism during LN.Fortunately,the complication was detected early and managed successfully.Our case and literature review all revealed that gas embolism must be considered as a possible cause of sudden cardiocirculatory failure during LN;rapid diagnosis and definitive intervention can decrease fatality from such an injury.Possible mechanisms of CO2 embolism and the potential ways of handling such an event are also discussed.