Abstract： Background Cervical arthroplasty is indicated to preserve cervical motion and prevent accelerated adjacent segment degeneration.Whether accelerated adjacent segment degeneration is prevented in the long term is unclear.This trial compared adjacent segment degeneration in Bryan disc arthroplasty with that in anterior cervical decompression and fusion five years after the surgery.Methods We studied patients with single level degenerative cervical disc disease.The extent of adjacent segment degeneration was estimated from lateral X-rays.Results Twenty-six patients underwent single level Bryan disc arthroplasty and twenty-four patients underwent single level anterior cervical decompression and fusion.All patients were followed up for an average of sixty months.In the Bryan arthroplasty group,nine(17.6％)segments developed adjacent segment degeneration,which was significantly lower than that(60.4％)in the anterior cervical decompression and fusion group.Eleven segments in the Bryan arthroplasty group developed heterotopic ossification according to McAfee's classification and two segments had range of motion less than 2°.In the heterotopic ossification group,four(19.5％)segments developed adjacent segment degeneration,similar to the number in the non-heterotopic ossification group(16.7％).Adjacent segment degeneration rate was 50％ in gradeⅣ?group but 11.8％ in gradeⅡ?to Ⅲ.Conclusions Adjacent segment degeneration was accelerated after anterior cervical decompression and fusion.However,Bryan disc arthroplasty avoided accelerated adjacent segment degeneration by preserving motion.Patients with gradeⅣ?heterotopic ossification lost motion,and the rate of adjacent segment degeneration was higher than that in patients without heterotopic ossification.