Abstract： @@ Esophageal variceal bleeding (EVB), a severe complication and main mortality cause of portal hypertension, had reached a relatively mature stage in its research. The mortality rate of EVB within 5 days showed decreased tendency in recent years, which may be due to wide adoption of endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) and endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS).1 Endoscopic treatment had been widely used because of its simple procedure, high hemostasis rate and low recurrent bleeding rate, and had become a main measure in cease of first episode and prevention of recurrent bleeding. The technique of endoscopic procedures had less progress in the last 5 years. Recent studies on EVB mainly focused on further improvement of clinical outcome, including primary prevention by EVL, selection and combination of different hemostatic measures, minimizing complications, better long-term management and forecast of bleeding risk.