Abstract: @@ With the developments of surgical skills and immunology, bile duct complications after liver transplantation have been reduced from half to less than one third, but the incidence of bile duct stenosis after transplantation is still as high as 17%.1,2 During liver transplantation, bile ducts may be damaged in several ways, most of which affect directly or indirectly peribiliary vascular plexus (PVP) and lead to bile duct complications after operation.