Abstract： Objective:To compare the effects of arthroscopic technique surgery and open surgery in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome.Methods:This study was a case-control study, a total of 25 patients(27 sides)with carpal tunnel syndrome, 13 males(15 sides)and 12 females(12 sides), aged(48.30±12.65)years old and ranging from 40 to 65 years old, were selected from the department of Burn and Plastic Surgery in the General Hospital of the Northern Warfare Zone from March 2018 to September 2020.Patients were randomly divided into arthroscopic group and open surgery group according to the randomization scale.The incision length, surgery time, hospital stay, and time to return to work of the two groups were compared.The patients were evaluated with visual analogue scale(VAS)and Boston carpal tunnel syndrome scale(BCTQ)after 6 months of surgery.The patients were evaluated with Kelly grading 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery, and the incidence of complications was counted.Results:The length of incision[(1.04±0.12)cm], surgery time[(11.45 ± 0.92)min], hospitalization time[(2.82 ± 0.57)d]and recovery time[(15.73 ± 1.40)d]in the arthroscopic group were significantly shorter than those in the open surgery group[(6.37 ± 0.81)cm, (50.53±5.77)min, (6.05±0.58)d, (23.55±0.64)d], the differences were statistically significant( P<0.05).There was no significant difference in VAS score, BCTQ score and Kelly grading between the arthroscopic group and the open surgery group 6 months after surgery( P>0.05).The scar length in the arthroscopic group(0.65 ± 0.09)cm was significantly shorter than that in the open surgery group(3.51±1.63)cm, with a statistically significant difference between the groups( P<0.05).There was 0 patient scar pain occurred in the arthroscopic group and 2 patients in the open surgery group, there was no significant difference between the two groups( P>0.05), there was no nerve injury in the two groups. Conclusions:Arthroscopic surgery and open surgery are effective in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome.The surgery time of arthroscopy was shorter than that of open surgery, and the postoperative recovery was faster.