Abstract： Objective:To investigate the efficacy of ambroxol hydrochloride in the adjuvant treatment of elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia.Methods:This study was a retrospective study, from April 2016 to October 2020, a total of 76 elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia were selected from the department of Internal Medicine, Lucheng District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, including 29 males and 47 females, aged(71.02±2.44)years old, ranging from 60 to 80 years old.The patients were randomly divided into the single drug injection group and the combined injection group with 38 patients in each group using random number table method.After admission, all patients were given routine treatment such as oxygen inhalation, fluid replacement, anti-infection and acid-base balance.The single-drug injection group was given intravenous infusion of cefoperazone sulbactam sodium for injection, while the combined injection group was given intravenous infusion of ambroxol hydrochloride and sodium chloride injection on the basis of the single-drug injection group.The clinical therapeutic effects of the two groups were compared after 7 days of treatment.The eosino granulocyte(EOS)percentage, neutrophil granulocyte(NEU)percentage, chemotactic factor for eosinophils(ChEF)level, serum C-reactive protein(CRP), procalcitonin, N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)levels and adverse reactions during treatment were compared before and after 7 days of treatment.Results:After 7 days of treatment, the total effective rate of combined injection group[92.1%(35/38)]was higher than that of single drug injection group[73.7%(28/38)], and the difference was statistically significant( P<0.05). After 7 days of treatment, the EOS percentage[(2.35±0.46)%], NEU percentage[(25.41±4.28)%]and ChEF level[(2.44±0.34)ng/L]in the combined injection group were lower than those in the single drug injection group[(3.67±0.57)%, (30.88±5.31)%, (3.18±0.56)ng/L], serum CRP[(51.44±4.22)mg/L], procalcitonin[(0.14±0.01)μ g/L]and NT-proBNP[(468.93±48.57)pg/ml]in the combined injection group were lower than those in the single drug injection group[(81.45±7.93)mg/L, (0.32±0.04)μg/L, (1 123.74±121.55)pg/ml], and the differences were statistically significant( P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the single injection group[13.2%(5/38)]compared with that in the combined injection group[5.3%(2/38)], there was no significant difference( P>0.05). Conclusions:Ambroxol hydrochloride adjuvant therapy could reduce sputum blockage in elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia, improve inflammatory response, and improve clinical efficacy, with good safety.