Abstract： Objective:To evaluate the effects of single-lumen bronchial tube(SLBT)in the anaesthesia of thoracoscopy surgery.Methods:A retrospective study was performed on 60 cases of patients who were admitted to and underwent thoracoscopy surgery, such as bullectomy, wedge resection, segmental or lobectomy from January 2020 to October 2020.Anesthesiology department of 970th Hospital of the PLA, including 29 males, 31 females, aged(55.2±14.6)years old, ranging from 17 to 87 years old.All patients were randomly divided into the SLBT group and Double-lumen bronchial tube(DLBT)group, with 30 cases in each group.Compare two groups of patients with intubation time and the orientation of after intubation time after putting the position, time, lung collapse after one-lung ventilation time, surgical field exposure, 5 minutes after one-lung ventilation airway peak pressure and intraoperative catheter shift number, fully conscious patients with tube drawing immediately, 24 hours and 72 hours after surgery, postoperative sore throat and hoarse.Results:The post-intubation positioning time in the SLBT group[(78.0±6.3)s] was shorter than that in the DLBT group[(115.0±11.2)s], the time of lung collapse after single lung ventilation in SLBT group[(331.0±25.0)s] was longer than that in DLBT group[(198.0±17.0)s], and the differences were statistically significant( P<0.01). After 5 minutes of one-lung ventilation, the peak airway pressure in SLBT group[(19.5±4.2)cm H 2O, 1 cm H 2O=0.098 kPa] was lower than that in DLBT group[(27.0±3.7)cm H 2O], and the difference was statistically significant( P<0.01). The pharyngeal pain score of SLBT group(1.00)was lower than that of DLBT group(2.00), the hoarseness score of SLBT group immediately after extubation and 24 hours after operation(0.50, 0)was lower than that of DLBT group(1.00, 1.00), and the differences were statistically significant( P<0.05). Conclusion:The effects of SLBT in thoracoscopy surgery on intubation time, positioning time after placement of body positioin, intraoperative catheter displacement and surgical field exposure were equivalent to those of DLBT.It can reduce airway resistance, relieve sore throat and hoarseness of postoperative, but the time of pulmonary collapse is a little long.