Abstract： Objective To investigate the cause of dropout and the factors relating to their survival rate and living quality in patients with maintenance hemodialyis.Methods We retrospectively analyzed 174 maintenance hemodialysis patients in this hospital during the period from July 2000 through June 2010.Results In these patients,64 cases(35.29%)discontinued hemodialysis therapy,of which the main causes were death (53.12%),renal transplantation(23.44%).The main cause of death was cerebrovascular diseases (32.35%).The next cause of death was cardiovascular diseases(26.47%).The death cases had older age.Conclusion Death was the main major cause of dropout in patients with maintenance hemodialyis.Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were the main cause of death.Hypertension,diabetes,malnutritio and older age were the factors relating to the higher mortality rate.Appropriate dialysis method and dosage will improve their life expectation and living quality.